Prochlorperazine
Antiemetic & Gastroprokinetic · Antihistamine
Indications
Vertigo due to Meniere's disease and other labyrinthine disorders, severe nausea and vomiting; migraine. Minor mental and emotional disturbances. Acute and chronic psychosis especially schizophrenia.
Dosage
Doses are expressed as prochlorperazine maleate or mesilate; 1 mg prochlorperazine maleate = 1 mg prochlorperazine mesilate. ORAL: Adults: Vertigo: 5 mg three times daily. Max 30 mg daily. Nausea and vomiting: Prophylaxis, 5 to 10 mg two or three times daily; treatment, 20 mg then 10 mg two hr later if required. Minor mental disturbances: 15-20 mg daily in divided doses increasing to max 40 mg daily. Schizophrenia: 75-100 mg daily. See literature. Labyrinthine disorders: 5 mg three times daily, increased if required to 30 mg daily in divided doses, increase dose gradually, then decrease to 5-10 mg daily, dose is reduced after several weeks. Nausea and vomiting in previously diagnosed migraine: 3-6 mg twice daily, buccal tablets to be placed high between upper lip and gum and left to dissolve. Children: Prevention and treatment of vertigo, nausea and vomiting: Under 10 kg, not…
Administration
IV: Administer IV doses as short (< 30 min) infusion or by slow (5-10 min) IV push. IV infusion must be diluted in 50-100 mL NS or D5W. IV injection may be given undiluted. IM: Inject IM form slowly, deep into upper outer quadrant of buttocks. Keep patient supine for 30 mins after injection to minimize hypotensive effects. Rotate IM inj sites to prevent irritation and sterile abscesses. Compatibility: Stable in NS, D5W, D10W, LR, 1/2NS, D5NS, D5LR. Stability: Intact vials or ampoules are stable at room temperature. Protect from light.
Adverse Effects
CNS disturbances. Anticholinergic effects. ECG and endocrine changes, allergic effects and extrapyramidal symptoms occur rarely at low dosage. Blood dyscrasias, insomnia, agitation, seizures, hypotension, antimuscarinic effects, hyponatraemia, SIADH, nasal stuffiness, jaundice, skin reactions, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, drowsiness.
Risk Factor (Pregnancy/Lactation)
Pregnancy: Not rated. Lactation: Caution advised or effect undetermined. Contraindications: Comatose states, bone marrow depression. Renal or hepatic impairment, parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, heart failure, phaeochromocytoma, myasthaenia gravis, prostatic hypertrophy, blood dyscrasias, narrow angle glaucoma, epilepsy. Precautions: Undiagnosed and prolonged vomiting. Warn patients of impaired judgement and dexterity. Cardiovascular disease. Monitor FBC. Predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias. Diabetes, AIDS, dementia. Depression. Elderly, particularly in very hot or cold weather.
Interactions
CNS depressants, alcohol, analgesics, antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antidiabetics, anticholinergics, lithium, desferrioxamine, other drugs that prolong QT interval.
Advice to Patient
Take with meals or a full glass of milk or water. Do not crush or chew tablets or capsules. Swallow whole. Patients using suppository should refrigerate it for 30 minutes or hold it under running cold water before removing the wrapper if it has softened during storage. Contact prescriber if there is involuntary movements, constipation, diarrhoea, restlessness, dizziness, vision changes, yellowing of skin or eyes, change in colour of urine or stool, palpitations, changes in gait. Be cautious while driving or doing tasks that require alertness unless full effects of medication are known. Avoid alcohol, sedatives, sleep-inducing drugs. Avoid medication contact with skin, if it happens wash immediately with warm soapy water. Take frequent meals if appetite changes occur. Take 2-3 litre of fluids per day to maintain hydration unless instructed by the prescriber to take less fluid. Avoid…
Pharmacokinetics
Onset of action: Oral: 30-40 min. IM: 10-20 min. Rectal: Approx. 60 min. Peak Antiemetic effect: IV: 30-60 min. Duration: Rectal: 3-12 hrs. IM, Oral: 3-4 hrs. Metabolism: Primarily hepatic. Bioavailability: Oral: 12.5%. Half-life elimination: Oral: 6-10 hrs (single dose), 14-22 hrs (repeated dosing). IV: 6-10 hrs. Excretion: Mainly in faeces.
Brands with this active ingredient
Compiled by Healify Pharmacy from published drug references. How we compile it →
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