Ampicillin and Cloxacillin

Broad-spectrum Penicillin · Broad-spectrum penicillin/Narrow-spectrum penicillin

Indications

Respiratory tract infections: Bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, lung abscess and infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Ear, nose and throat infections: Tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media and quinsy. Pelvic infections: Septic abortion, salpingitis, puerperal pyrexia and caesarian section prophylaxis. Urinary tract infections: Cystitis and pyelonephritis. Skin and soft tissue infections: Abscesses, boils, carbuncles and post-operative wound infections. Gastro- intestinal infections, Septicaemia, endocarditis and orthopaedic infection.

Dosage

ORAL: Adults: 500 mg-1 gm every 6 hr or more frequently according to the severity of the infection. Children: Neonates, 0.6 mL of drops every 4 hr; 1 mth-2 yr, 1/4 adult dose; 2-10 yr, 1/2 adult dose. INJECTION: Adults: IM inj: 500 mg-1500 mg every 4-6 hr. IV Inj: 500 mg-1 gm every 4-6 hr or as indicated by the severity of the infection. IV Infusion: In severe infections in adults up to 12 gm may be administered by IV infusion. Children: IM/IV inj/IV infusion: Neonates, 75 mg every 8 hr by IM/IV inj; 1 mth-2 yr, 1/4 adult dose; 2-10 yr, 1/2 adult dose.

Administration

Administered by IM or Direct IV push over a period of 3-4 min or by IV intermittent infusion. For IM Injection: 250 mg VIAL & 500 mg VIAL: Dissolve in 1.5 mL Water for Injection and inject IM. For IV Injection: 250 mg VIAL: Dissolve in 5 mL Water for Injection and inject by Direct IV push. 500 mg VIAL: Dissolve in 10 mL Water for Injection and inject by Direct IV push. For IV intermittent infusion: Take the content in the Syringe from the above vial and add to the appropriate infusion fluid.

Adverse Effects

Hypersensitivity, GI upset, rash, transient rise in liver enzymes. Rarely pseudomembranous colitis.

Risk Factor (Pregnancy/Lactation)

Pregnancy: No evidence of risk in humans. Lactation: Contraindicated or not recommended. Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins or other beta-Iactams. Precautions: Infectious mononucleosis and/or acute leukaemia of lymphoid origin. Renal impairment.

Interactions

Anticoagulants, allopurinol, probenecid, methotrexate.

Advice to Patient

Take with or without meals. To prevent stomach upset, take with meals. Complete full course of therapy even if you feel better before completion of course.

Pharmacokinetics

AMPICILLIN: Absorption: Oral: 50%. Half-life elimination: Neonates: PNA 2-7 days: 4 hrs. PNA 8-14 days: 2.8 hrs. PNA 15-30 days: 1.7 hrs. Children and Adults: 1-1.8 hrs. Anuric patients: 8-20 hrs. Time to peak serum concentration: Oral: Within 1-2 hrs. Excretion: Urine; faeces. CLOXACILLIN: Duration: Oral: 2 hrs. Absorption: Incompletely absorbed from the GI tract. Absorption is reduced by the presence of food in the stomach. Metabolism: Partially metabolized. Half-life elimination: 0.5 -1 hr. Prolonged in neonates. Time to peak, plasma: Oral: 1-2 hrs. IM inj: 30 mins. Excretion: Oral dose: Urine (35%). Faeces (10%).

Compiled by Healify Pharmacy from published drug references. How we compile it →

Always consult a pharmacist or doctor.